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C++: 2. OOPs Concepts

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OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming.  As the name suggests uses objects in programming. Object means a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software development and maintenance. 
Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc in programming.

Class
It is a user-defined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class.

Object
Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair, pen, table, keyboard, bike etc. It can be physical and logical.

Object-oriented programming has several advantages

  1. OOP is faster and easier to execute
  2. OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
  3. OOP helps to keep the C++ code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug
  4. OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time
C++ Class Example: Store and Display Employee Information

#include <iostream>  
class Employee {  
   public:  
       int id;//data member (also instance variable)      
       string name;//data member(also instance variable)  
       float salary;  
       void insert(int i, string n, float s)    
        {    
            id = i;    
            name = n;    
            salary = s;  
        }    
       void display()    
        {    
            cout<<id<<"  "<<name<<"  "<<salary<<endl;    
        }    
};  

int main() {  
    Employee e1; //creating an object of Employee   
    e1.insert(201, "Sonoo",990000);     
    e1.display();     
    return 0;  
}  
Output:- 
201  Sonoo  990000


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